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Data Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data
Disclaimer: This site is an independent journalism project. Data analysis and editorial content are not affiliated with or endorsed by CMS or any government agency. All spending figures are based on publicly available Medicare payment records.
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Methodology•Download Data
  1. Home
  2. Providers
  3. Theodore Chow
⚕️
MDIndividual

Theodore Chow, MD, FACC

NPI: 1104803048
Mountain View, CA
10 years of data
Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology
$6.7M
Total Payments
25.9K
Beneficiaries
48.5K
Services
2.95x
Markup Ratio

Peer Comparison

98th
percentile in specialty
This provider$6.7M
Specialty median$207.8K

📋 Key Findings

1Billed $6.7M over 10 years
22.95x markup ratio (above median)
398th percentile in Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology by payments
4Payments surged 241% in 2018
514 procedures with >3x markup
✓ No flags detected

🔎 Data Analysis

This provider's $6.7M in total Medicare payments ranks in the 98th percentile of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology providers nationally.

Medicare payments to this provider grew 550% from 2014 to 2023.

AI-generated analysis based on Medicare payment data.

Annual Medicare Payments

Annual Services Provided

Avg Payment per Service

Markup Ratio Over Time

📈

Notable: Payments increased 241% in 2018

Year-over-year payment surges can indicate changes in practice volume, new services, or billing pattern shifts.

Submitted Charges vs. Medicare Payments

Average per-service amounts submitted by the provider compared to what Medicare actually paid — the gap represents the markup.

YearAvg SubmittedAvg PaidMarkup RatioGap per ServiceTotal PaymentsServicesBeneficiaries
2014$598.07$142.874.19x$455.20$164.4K1.8K999
2015$608.06$137.804.41x$470.26$176.3K1.8K995
2016$609.88$136.134.48x$473.75$235.3K2.5K1.4K
2017$518.19$155.923.32x$362.27$228.2K2.4K1.2K
2018$552.03$209.732.63x$342.30$779.0K5.1K3.3K
2019$893.71$312.982.86x$580.73$1.0M6.1K3.7K
2020$721.11$261.482.76x$459.63$932.7K5.9K3.2K
2021$793.97$298.902.66x$495.07$1.0M7.7K3.5K
2022$795.35$282.242.82x$513.11$1.1M7.8K3.8K
2023$874.68$278.363.14x$596.32$1.1M7.4K3.8K

Top Procedures (20)

78492Nuclear medicine study heart muscle at rest and/or stress multiple studies
$1.3M
815 services$1.6K/svc2.18x markup
93229Heart rhythm tracing, computer analysis, physician prescribed transmission of patient-triggered events greater than 24-hour EKG up to 30 days
$846.4K
1.0K services$843.03/svc1.87x markup
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes⚠ 3.3x markup
$770.1K
7.6K services$101.80/svc3.29x markup
33285Insertion of heart rhythm monitor under skin
$738.2K
148 services$5.0K/svc2.61x markup
93306Ultrasound examination of heart including color-depicted blood flow rate, direction, and valve function⚠ 4.7x markup
$399.8K
2.6K services$152.13/svc4.71x markup
A9555Rubidium rb-82, diagnostic, per study dose, up to 60 millicuries
$329.3K
820 services$401.63/svc1.51x markup
93280Evaluation, testing, and programming adjustment of permanent dual lead pacemaker system with physician analysis, review, and report⚠ 3.8x markup
$130.1K
2.1K services$63.42/svc3.84x markup
93620Insertion of catheters for recording, pacing, and attempted induction of abnormal rhythm in right upper and lower heart
$117.4K
223 services$526.26/svc2.86x markup
99233Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 35 minutes per day⚠ 3.5x markup
$115.5K
1.2K services$94.75/svc3.50x markup
99215Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 40 minutes
$112.8K
835 services$135.14/svc3.00x markup
G2066Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; implantable cardiovascular physiologic monitor system, implantable loop recorder system, or subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system, remote data acquisition(s), receipt of transmissions and tec⚠ 7.4x markup
$106.3K
3.1K services$33.86/svc7.38x markup
33208Insertion of new or replacement of permanent pacemaker including upper and lower chamber electrodes⚠ 3.1x markup
$104.4K
256 services$407.67/svc3.10x markup
78452Nuclear medicine study of vessels of heart using drugs or exercise multiple studies⚠ 3.8x markup
$99.2K
199 services$498.50/svc3.83x markup
93880Ultrasound scanning of blood flow (outside the brain) on both sides of head and neck⚠ 3.2x markup
$96.5K
459 services$210.32/svc3.23x markup
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 45 minutes⚠ 3.5x markup
$87.6K
613 services$142.90/svc3.48x markup
99223Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 70 minutes per day⚠ 3.5x markup
$83.7K
468 services$178.75/svc3.49x markup
99205New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 60 minutes⚠ 3.1x markup
$78.6K
427 services$184.06/svc3.10x markup
93224Heart rhythm tracing, analysis, and interpretation of 48-hour EKG⚠ 4.0x markup
$72.2K
939 services$76.85/svc3.97x markup
93015Exercise or drug-induced heart and blood vessel stress test with EKG monitoring, physician supervision, interpretation, and report⚠ 3.6x markup
$70.5K
1.0K services$69.41/svc3.65x markup
99222Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 50 minutes per day⚠ 3.6x markup
$69.9K
570 services$122.62/svc3.58x markup
Show detailed table ▾
CodeDescriptionServicesPaymentsAvg/ServiceMarkup
78492Nuclear medicine study heart muscle at rest and/or stress multiple studies815$1.3M$1.6K2.18x
93229Heart rhythm tracing, computer analysis, physician prescribed transmission of patient-triggered events greater than 24-hour EKG up to 30 days1.0K$846.4K$843.031.87x
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes7.6K$770.1K$101.803.29x
33285Insertion of heart rhythm monitor under skin148$738.2K$5.0K2.61x
93306Ultrasound examination of heart including color-depicted blood flow rate, direction, and valve function2.6K$399.8K$152.134.71x
A9555Rubidium rb-82, diagnostic, per study dose, up to 60 millicuries820$329.3K$401.631.51x
93280Evaluation, testing, and programming adjustment of permanent dual lead pacemaker system with physician analysis, review, and report2.1K$130.1K$63.423.84x
93620Insertion of catheters for recording, pacing, and attempted induction of abnormal rhythm in right upper and lower heart223$117.4K$526.262.86x
99233Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 35 minutes per day1.2K$115.5K$94.753.50x
99215Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 40 minutes835$112.8K$135.143.00x
G2066Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; implantable cardiovascular physiologic monitor system, implantable loop recorder system, or subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system, remote data acquisition(s), receipt of transmissions and tec3.1K$106.3K$33.867.38x
33208Insertion of new or replacement of permanent pacemaker including upper and lower chamber electrodes256$104.4K$407.673.10x
78452Nuclear medicine study of vessels of heart using drugs or exercise multiple studies199$99.2K$498.503.83x
93880Ultrasound scanning of blood flow (outside the brain) on both sides of head and neck459$96.5K$210.323.23x
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 45 minutes613$87.6K$142.903.48x
99223Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 70 minutes per day468$83.7K$178.753.49x
99205New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 60 minutes427$78.6K$184.063.10x
93224Heart rhythm tracing, analysis, and interpretation of 48-hour EKG939$72.2K$76.853.97x
93015Exercise or drug-induced heart and blood vessel stress test with EKG monitoring, physician supervision, interpretation, and report1.0K$70.5K$69.413.65x
99222Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 50 minutes per day570$69.9K$122.623.58x

Markup Analysis

Charge-to-Payment Ratio

2.95x

This provider submits charges 2.95 times higher than what Medicare actually pays.

What This Means

A markup ratio of 2.95x means for every $100 Medicare pays, this provider initially charges $295. This is higher than the national average.

Location

Mountain View, CA

Provider Verification

Always verify provider credentials and location before scheduling appointments. This data reflects Medicare payments and may not include all practice locations.

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Data Sources

  • • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
  • • Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2014-2023)
  • • National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

Last Updated: February 2026 (data through 2023, the latest CMS release)

Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.

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