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Data Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data
Disclaimer: This site is an independent journalism project. Data analysis and editorial content are not affiliated with or endorsed by CMS or any government agency. All spending figures are based on publicly available Medicare payment records.
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ยฉ 2026 OpenMedicare. Independent data journalism. Built by TheDataProject.ai

Methodologyโ€ขDownload Data
  1. Home
  2. Providers
  3. Jacek Kotowski
๐Ÿ‘๏ธ
MDIndividual

Jacek Kotowski, M.D.

NPI: 1134451487
Missoula, MT
10 years of data
Ophthalmology
$15.9M
Total Payments
185
Beneficiaries
115.7K
Services
2.19x
Markup Ratio

Peer Comparison

99th
percentile in specialty
This provider$15.9M
Specialty median$383.7K

๐Ÿ“‹ Key Findings

1Billed $15.9M over 10 years
22.19x markup ratio (above median)
399th percentile in Ophthalmology by payments
4Payments surged 758% in 2016
53 procedures with >3x markup
โœ“ No flags detected

๐Ÿ”Ž Data Analysis

This provider's $15.9M in total Medicare payments ranks in the 99th percentile of Ophthalmology providers nationally.

Medicare payments to this provider grew 5224% from 2014 to 2023.

AI-generated analysis based on Medicare payment data.

Annual Medicare Payments

Annual Services Provided

Avg Payment per Service

Markup Ratio Over Time

๐Ÿ“ˆ

Notable: Payments increased 758% in 2016

Year-over-year payment surges can indicate changes in practice volume, new services, or billing pattern shifts.

Submitted Charges vs. Medicare Payments

Average per-service amounts submitted by the provider compared to what Medicare actually paid โ€” the gap represents the markup.

YearAvg SubmittedAvg PaidMarkup RatioGap per ServiceTotal PaymentsServicesBeneficiaries
2014$122.65$75.011.64x$47.64$64.4K8581
2015$121.74$71.891.69x$49.85$58.7K8163
2016$247.61$147.261.68x$100.35$503.0K3.4K19
2017$240.55$139.231.73x$101.32$1.3M9.2K25
2018$240.24$134.841.78x$105.40$1.5M11.5K24
2019$334.73$140.272.39x$194.46$1.9M13.6K23
2020$377.58$162.632.32x$214.95$2.1M12.8K23
2021$390.67$168.922.31x$221.75$2.3M13.4K22
2022$364.51$158.722.30x$205.79$2.8M17.4K23
2023$238.65$104.282.29x$134.37$3.4M32.9K22

Top Procedures (20)

J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg
$8.9M
12.3K services$720.39/svc1.57x markup
67028Injection of drug into eyeโš  4.0x markup
$1.6M
19.3K services$84.92/svc4.03x markup
J7999Compounded drug, not otherwise classifiedโš  3.8x markup
$708.8K
10.6K services$66.79/svc3.81x markup
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg
$614.9K
21.1K services$29.11/svc2.40x markup
66984Removal of cataract with insertion of prosthetic lens
$614.0K
1.3K services$475.58/svc2.64x markup
92134Imaging of retina
$613.0K
19.3K services$31.80/svc2.82x markup
99214Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes
$530.2K
5.4K services$98.64/svc2.47x markup
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes
$415.9K
6.6K services$63.46/svc2.07x markup
92014Established patient complete exam of visual system
$339.4K
4.0K services$84.23/svc2.74x markup
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg
$245.8K
1.0K services$242.13/svc1.91x markup
J3490Unclassified drugs
$204.3K
116 services$1.8K/svc2.40x markup
92012Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, established patient
$176.8K
2.6K services$68.87/svc2.22x markup
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, 45-59 minutes
$169.7K
1.4K services$120.51/svc2.48x markup
67108Repair of detached retina with drainage and removal of eye fluid between lens and retina
$107.0K
112 services$954.98/svc2.86x markup
66821Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser
$106.7K
426 services$250.55/svc2.33x markup
J7312Injection, dexamethasone, intravitreal implant, 0.1 mg
$71.0K
455 services$155.97/svc1.31x markup
92004New patient complete exam of visual system
$64.3K
643 services$100.02/svc2.32x markup
67145Photocoagulation treatment to prevent detachment of retina
$61.6K
176 services$349.74/svc3.00x markup
92136Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eyeโš  3.5x markup
$56.2K
1.4K services$39.52/svc3.45x markup
J2781Injection, pegcetacoplan, intravitreal, 1 mg
$52.4K
435 services$120.36/svc2.49x markup
Show detailed table โ–พ
CodeDescriptionServicesPaymentsAvg/ServiceMarkup
J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg12.3K$8.9M$720.391.57x
67028Injection of drug into eye19.3K$1.6M$84.924.03x
J7999Compounded drug, not otherwise classified10.6K$708.8K$66.793.81x
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg21.1K$614.9K$29.112.40x
66984Removal of cataract with insertion of prosthetic lens1.3K$614.0K$475.582.64x
92134Imaging of retina19.3K$613.0K$31.802.82x
99214Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes5.4K$530.2K$98.642.47x
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes6.6K$415.9K$63.462.07x
92014Established patient complete exam of visual system4.0K$339.4K$84.232.74x
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg1.0K$245.8K$242.131.91x
J3490Unclassified drugs116$204.3K$1.8K2.40x
92012Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, established patient2.6K$176.8K$68.872.22x
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, 45-59 minutes1.4K$169.7K$120.512.48x
67108Repair of detached retina with drainage and removal of eye fluid between lens and retina112$107.0K$954.982.86x
66821Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser426$106.7K$250.552.33x
J7312Injection, dexamethasone, intravitreal implant, 0.1 mg455$71.0K$155.971.31x
92004New patient complete exam of visual system643$64.3K$100.022.32x
67145Photocoagulation treatment to prevent detachment of retina176$61.6K$349.743.00x
92136Measurement of corneal curvature and depth of eye1.4K$56.2K$39.523.45x
J2781Injection, pegcetacoplan, intravitreal, 1 mg435$52.4K$120.362.49x

Markup Analysis

Charge-to-Payment Ratio

2.19x

This provider submits charges 2.19 times higher than what Medicare actually pays.

What This Means

A markup ratio of 2.19x means for every $100 Medicare pays, this provider initially charges $219. This is higher than the national average.

Location

Missoula, MT

Provider Verification

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Data Sources

  • โ€ข Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
  • โ€ข Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2014-2023)
  • โ€ข National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

Last Updated: February 2026 (data through 2023, the latest CMS release)

Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.

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