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Data Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data
Disclaimer: This site is an independent journalism project. Data analysis and editorial content are not affiliated with or endorsed by CMS or any government agency. All spending figures are based on publicly available Medicare payment records.
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ยฉ 2026 OpenMedicare. Independent data journalism. Built by TheDataProject.ai

Methodologyโ€ขDownload Data
  1. Home
  2. Providers
  3. Paul Boeke
๐Ÿ‘๏ธ
MDIndividual

Paul Boeke, M.D.

NPI: 1447544192
Hiawatha, IA
9 years of data
Ophthalmology
$26.5M
Total Payments
132
Beneficiaries
151.1K
Services
2.33x
Markup Ratio

Peer Comparison

99th
percentile in specialty
This provider$26.5M
Specialty median$383.7K

๐Ÿ“‹ Key Findings

1Billed $26.5M over 9 years
22.33x markup ratio (above median)
399th percentile in Ophthalmology by payments
467 services/day โ€” unusually high
5Payments surged 1019% in 2017
611 procedures with >3x markup

This provider averages 67 services per working day

Based on 151.1K total services over 9 years (250 working days/year). Learn about impossible service volumes โ†’

๐Ÿ”Ž Data Analysis

This provider's $26.5M in total Medicare payments ranks in the 99th percentile of Ophthalmology providers nationally.

Averaging 67 services per working day raises questions about billing patterns.

Medicare payments to this provider grew 247702% from 2015 to 2023.

71% of their billing comes from a single procedure code (J0178 โ€” Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg).

AI-generated analysis based on Medicare payment data.

Annual Medicare Payments

Annual Services Provided

Avg Payment per Service

Markup Ratio Over Time

๐Ÿ“ˆ

Notable: Payments increased 1019% in 2017

Year-over-year payment surges can indicate changes in practice volume, new services, or billing pattern shifts.

Submitted Charges vs. Medicare Payments

Average per-service amounts submitted by the provider compared to what Medicare actually paid โ€” the gap represents the markup.

YearAvg SubmittedAvg PaidMarkup RatioGap per ServiceTotal PaymentsServicesBeneficiaries
2015$598.52$49.1512.18x$549.37$2.9K583
2016$3.7K$74.1350.21x$3.6K$20.5K2768
2017$680.22$180.203.77x$500.02$229.0K1.3K14
2018$558.55$251.352.22x$307.20$1.8M7.0K16
2019$623.62$290.932.14x$332.69$3.0M10.4K16
2020$635.68$289.842.19x$345.84$3.6M12.3K16
2021$643.77$294.552.19x$349.22$4.5M15.2K20
2022$507.36$222.422.28x$284.94$6.3M28.5K21
2023$227.15$92.852.45x$134.30$7.1M76.1K18

Top Procedures (20)

J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg
$18.8M
25.9K services$724.08/svc1.73x markup
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg
$2.0M
8.5K services$240.28/svc2.17x markup
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg
$1.9M
63.8K services$29.09/svc2.58x markup
67028Injection of drug into eyeโš  8.1x markup
$1.3M
15.6K services$84.39/svc8.09x markup
92134Imaging of retinaโš  3.8x markup
$611.5K
21.2K services$28.82/svc3.83x markup
J3590Unclassified biologicsโš  3.0x markup
$387.9K
2.2K services$178.77/svc3.02x markup
J0179Injection, brolucizumab-dbll, 1 mg
$300.7K
1.2K services$249.35/svc2.41x markup
99214Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes
$242.8K
2.9K services$82.51/svc2.41x markup
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes
$202.2K
3.7K services$55.21/svc2.48x markup
92014Established patient complete exam of visual systemโš  3.6x markup
$196.4K
2.3K services$83.84/svc3.59x markup
67042Removal of membrane of retina with removal of internal limiting membrane of retinaโš  6.3x markup
$154.1K
197 services$782.15/svc6.31x markup
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, 45-59 minutes
$88.6K
786 services$112.72/svc2.66x markup
92004New patient complete exam of visual systemโš  3.5x markup
$66.3K
651 services$101.80/svc3.51x markup
67108Repair of detached retina with drainage and removal of eye fluid between lens and retinaโš  13.3x markup
$48.9K
86 services$568.23/svc13.30x markup
67145Photocoagulation treatment to prevent detachment of retinaโš  4.4x markup
$37.1K
122 services$304.31/svc4.43x markup
67113Repair of detached retina and drainage of eye fluid between lens and retina, complexโš  14.0x markup
$33.5K
57 services$587.44/svc13.98x markup
99212Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 10-19 minutes
$20.7K
592 services$35.00/svc2.54x markup
66821Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laserโš  3.8x markup
$18.0K
71 services$253.43/svc3.82x markup
99203New patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-44 minutes
$17.0K
235 services$72.52/svc2.73x markup
67036Removal of eye fluid (vitreous) between lens and retinaโš  12.5x markup
$16.7K
43 services$388.55/svc12.48x markup
Show detailed table โ–พ
CodeDescriptionServicesPaymentsAvg/ServiceMarkup
J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg25.9K$18.8M$724.081.73x
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg8.5K$2.0M$240.282.17x
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg63.8K$1.9M$29.092.58x
67028Injection of drug into eye15.6K$1.3M$84.398.09x
92134Imaging of retina21.2K$611.5K$28.823.83x
J3590Unclassified biologics2.2K$387.9K$178.773.02x
J0179Injection, brolucizumab-dbll, 1 mg1.2K$300.7K$249.352.41x
99214Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes2.9K$242.8K$82.512.41x
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes3.7K$202.2K$55.212.48x
92014Established patient complete exam of visual system2.3K$196.4K$83.843.59x
67042Removal of membrane of retina with removal of internal limiting membrane of retina197$154.1K$782.156.31x
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, 45-59 minutes786$88.6K$112.722.66x
92004New patient complete exam of visual system651$66.3K$101.803.51x
67108Repair of detached retina with drainage and removal of eye fluid between lens and retina86$48.9K$568.2313.30x
67145Photocoagulation treatment to prevent detachment of retina122$37.1K$304.314.43x
67113Repair of detached retina and drainage of eye fluid between lens and retina, complex57$33.5K$587.4413.98x
99212Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 10-19 minutes592$20.7K$35.002.54x
66821Removal of recurring cataract in lens capsule using a laser71$18.0K$253.433.82x
99203New patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-44 minutes235$17.0K$72.522.73x
67036Removal of eye fluid (vitreous) between lens and retina43$16.7K$388.5512.48x

Markup Analysis

Charge-to-Payment Ratio

2.33x

This provider submits charges 2.33 times higher than what Medicare actually pays.

What This Means

A markup ratio of 2.33x means for every $100 Medicare pays, this provider initially charges $233. This is higher than the national average.

Location

Hiawatha, IA

Provider Verification

Always verify provider credentials and location before scheduling appointments. This data reflects Medicare payments and may not include all practice locations.

Similar Providers

Other Ophthalmology providers in IA for peer comparison.

Paul Boeke (you)
$26.5M
Kyle Alliman, M.D.
$83.3M
David Saggau, MD
$73.8M
Jared Nielsen, M.D., M.S.
$68.1M
Alex Kartvelishvili, M.D.
$45.0M
Michael Wadzinski, M.D.
$37.7M
Show detailed table โ–พ
ProviderLocationTotal PaymentsStatus
Kyle Alliman, M.D.West Des Moines, IA$83.3Mโœ“ Clear
David Saggau, MDWest Des Moines, IA$73.8Mโœ“ Clear
Jared Nielsen, M.D., M.S.West Des Moines, IA$68.1Mโœ“ Clear
Alex Kartvelishvili, M.D.Iowa City, IA$45.0Mโœ“ Clear
Michael Wadzinski, M.D.Sioux City, IA$37.7Mโœ“ Clear

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Data Sources

  • โ€ข Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
  • โ€ข Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2014-2023)
  • โ€ข National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

Last Updated: February 2026 (data through 2023, the latest CMS release)

Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.

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