OpenMedicare
Start Here
Explore
Fraud
Investigations
Data
Tools
About

Footer

OpenMedicare

Independent Medicare data journalism

Sister Sites

  • OpenMedicaid
  • OpenFeds
  • OpenSpending
  • OpenImmigration
  • OpenLobby
  • VaccineWatch
  • OpenSubsidies
  • WarCosts
  • OpenPrescriber

Explore

  • Providers
  • Procedures
  • States
  • Specialties
  • Search

Fraud Analysis

  • Still Out There (AI)
  • Fraud Overview
  • Fraud Watchlist
  • Deep Dive Profiles
  • Impossible Numbers
  • Report Fraud

Investigations

  • The Algorithm Knows
  • How We Built the Model
  • Internal Medicine Crisis
  • Florida & California Fraud
  • Million Dollar Flagged
  • All Investigations

Tools

  • Provider Lookup
  • Compare
  • Cost Calculator
  • Your Medicare Dollar
  • Downloads

About

  • About OpenMedicare
  • Methodology
  • Glossary
  • Data Sources
  • API Docs
  • Updates
Data Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data
Disclaimer: This site is an independent journalism project. Data analysis and editorial content are not affiliated with or endorsed by CMS or any government agency. All spending figures are based on publicly available Medicare payment records.
Sister Sites: OpenMedicaid · OpenFeds · OpenSpending · OpenImmigration · OpenLobby · VaccineWatch · OpenSubsidies · WarCosts

© 2026 OpenMedicare. Independent data journalism. Built by TheDataProject.ai

Methodology•Download Data
  1. Home
  2. Providers
  3. Samuel Houston
👁️
MDIndividual

Samuel Houston, MD

NPI: 1851533236
Orlando, FL
10 years of data
Ophthalmology
$25.1M
Total Payments
198
Beneficiaries
155.8K
Services
2.39x
Markup Ratio

Peer Comparison

99th
percentile in specialty
This provider$25.1M
Specialty median$383.7K

📋 Key Findings

1Billed $25.1M over 10 years
22.39x markup ratio (above median)
399th percentile in Ophthalmology by payments
462 services/day — unusually high
5Payments surged 287% in 2015
610 procedures with >3x markup

This provider averages 62 services per working day

Based on 155.8K total services over 10 years (250 working days/year). Learn about impossible service volumes →

🔎 Data Analysis

This provider's $25.1M in total Medicare payments ranks in the 99th percentile of Ophthalmology providers nationally.

Averaging 62 services per working day raises questions about billing patterns.

Medicare payments to this provider grew 6043% from 2014 to 2023.

62% of their billing comes from a single procedure code (J0178 — Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg).

AI-generated analysis based on Medicare payment data.

Annual Medicare Payments

Annual Services Provided

Avg Payment per Service

Markup Ratio Over Time

📈

Notable: Payments increased 287% in 2015

Year-over-year payment surges can indicate changes in practice volume, new services, or billing pattern shifts.

Submitted Charges vs. Medicare Payments

Average per-service amounts submitted by the provider compared to what Medicare actually paid — the gap represents the markup.

YearAvg SubmittedAvg PaidMarkup RatioGap per ServiceTotal PaymentsServicesBeneficiaries
2014$276.42$89.453.09x$186.97$69.1K77214
2015$223.98$82.522.71x$141.46$267.0K3.2K20
2016$246.64$95.452.58x$151.19$1.0M10.6K19
2017$287.52$116.802.46x$170.72$1.7M14.6K21
2018$393.25$168.582.33x$224.67$3.0M17.8K25
2019$475.86$211.112.25x$264.75$3.5M16.5K21
2020$529.66$236.752.24x$292.91$3.6M15.4K20
2021$507.46$227.592.23x$279.87$3.6M15.9K18
2022$470.03$202.002.33x$268.03$4.1M20.4K20
2023$291.30$104.332.79x$186.97$4.2M40.7K20

Top Procedures (20)

J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg
$15.4M
21.4K services$720.15/svc2.08x markup
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg
$3.2M
11.8K services$269.26/svc2.27x markup
67028Injection of drug into eye⚠ 4.2x markup
$1.5M
16.7K services$88.78/svc4.15x markup
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg
$878.6K
30.6K services$28.71/svc2.73x markup
92134Imaging of retina
$794.3K
25.7K services$30.91/svc2.30x markup
92014Established patient complete exam of visual system
$664.1K
7.4K services$89.70/svc2.29x markup
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, 45-59 minutes
$361.5K
3.1K services$117.24/svc2.42x markup
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes
$270.4K
4.7K services$58.11/svc2.12x markup
92250Photography of the retina⚠ 3.9x markup
$239.5K
7.3K services$32.67/svc3.86x markup
J3490Unclassified drugs⚠ 3.3x markup
$234.7K
2.7K services$86.85/svc3.27x markup
Q5128Injection, ranibizumab-eqrn (cimerli), biosimilar, 0.1 mg⚠ 4.6x markup
$201.9K
928 services$217.54/svc4.60x markup
J7312Injection, dexamethasone, intravitreal implant, 0.1 mg
$185.0K
1.2K services$149.34/svc2.37x markup
92226Examination of eye by ophthalmoscope with retinal drawing⚠ 4.2x markup
$181.4K
6.8K services$26.82/svc4.18x markup
67042Removal of membrane of retina with removal of internal limiting membrane of retina⚠ 3.5x markup
$152.7K
258 services$592.00/svc3.50x markup
J7999Compounded drug, not otherwise classified⚠ 5.1x markup
$106.9K
2.3K services$46.88/svc5.12x markup
99214Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes
$104.0K
1.5K services$71.18/svc2.56x markup
67108Repair of detached retina with drainage and removal of eye fluid between lens and retina⚠ 4.0x markup
$97.1K
151 services$642.77/svc3.96x markup
92225Examination of eye by ophthalmoscope with retinal drawing⚠ 3.8x markup
$93.0K
3.5K services$26.35/svc3.80x markup
92012Established patient problem focused exam of visual system
$74.2K
1.1K services$64.54/svc2.47x markup
92235Imaging of blood vessels in back of eye using fluorescein dye⚠ 3.2x markup
$72.9K
998 services$73.01/svc3.23x markup
Show detailed table ▾
CodeDescriptionServicesPaymentsAvg/ServiceMarkup
J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg21.4K$15.4M$720.152.08x
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg11.8K$3.2M$269.262.27x
67028Injection of drug into eye16.7K$1.5M$88.784.15x
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg30.6K$878.6K$28.712.73x
92134Imaging of retina25.7K$794.3K$30.912.30x
92014Established patient complete exam of visual system7.4K$664.1K$89.702.29x
99204New patient office or other outpatient visit, 45-59 minutes3.1K$361.5K$117.242.42x
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 20-29 minutes4.7K$270.4K$58.112.12x
92250Photography of the retina7.3K$239.5K$32.673.86x
J3490Unclassified drugs2.7K$234.7K$86.853.27x
Q5128Injection, ranibizumab-eqrn (cimerli), biosimilar, 0.1 mg928$201.9K$217.544.60x
J7312Injection, dexamethasone, intravitreal implant, 0.1 mg1.2K$185.0K$149.342.37x
92226Examination of eye by ophthalmoscope with retinal drawing6.8K$181.4K$26.824.18x
67042Removal of membrane of retina with removal of internal limiting membrane of retina258$152.7K$592.003.50x
J7999Compounded drug, not otherwise classified2.3K$106.9K$46.885.12x
99214Established patient office or other outpatient visit, 30-39 minutes1.5K$104.0K$71.182.56x
67108Repair of detached retina with drainage and removal of eye fluid between lens and retina151$97.1K$642.773.96x
92225Examination of eye by ophthalmoscope with retinal drawing3.5K$93.0K$26.353.80x
92012Established patient problem focused exam of visual system1.1K$74.2K$64.542.47x
92235Imaging of blood vessels in back of eye using fluorescein dye998$72.9K$73.013.23x

Markup Analysis

Charge-to-Payment Ratio

2.39x

This provider submits charges 2.39 times higher than what Medicare actually pays.

What This Means

A markup ratio of 2.39x means for every $100 Medicare pays, this provider initially charges $239. This is higher than the national average.

Location

Orlando, FL

Provider Verification

Always verify provider credentials and location before scheduling appointments. This data reflects Medicare payments and may not include all practice locations.

Similar Providers

Other Ophthalmology providers in FL for peer comparison.

Samuel Houston (you)
$25.1M
Alexander Eaton, MD
$99.5M
Sunil Gupta, M.D.
$86.1M
Hussein Wafapoor, M.D.
$70.9M
John Myers, M.D.
$69.4M
Thomas Baudo, M.D.
$64.2M
Show detailed table ▾
ProviderLocationTotal PaymentsStatus
Alexander Eaton, MDFort Myers, FL$99.5M✓ Clear
Sunil Gupta, M.D.Pensacola, FL$86.1M✓ Clear
Hussein Wafapoor, M.D.Fort Myers, FL$70.9M✓ Clear
John Myers, M.D.Pensacola, FL$69.4M✓ Clear
Thomas Baudo, M.D.Vero Beach, FL$64.2M✓ Clear

Related

Browse
← Back to Provider Directory
State
All providers in FL →
Specialty
All Ophthalmology providers →
Tool
Compare this provider →
Analysis
Fraud Watchlist →
Search
Search all providers →

Share This Provider

Share this provider's Medicare payment information

Share:

Data Sources

  • • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
  • • Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2014-2023)
  • • National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

Last Updated: February 2026 (data through 2023, the latest CMS release)

Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.

Believe this data is inaccurate? Dispute this data