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Data Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data
Disclaimer: This site is an independent journalism project. Data analysis and editorial content are not affiliated with or endorsed by CMS or any government agency. All spending figures are based on publicly available Medicare payment records.
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ยฉ 2026 OpenMedicare. Independent data journalism. Built by TheDataProject.ai

Methodologyโ€ขDownload Data
  1. Home
  2. Providers
  3. Steven Ludwig
๐Ÿฆด
MDIndividual

Steven Ludwig, M.D.

NPI: 1912954454
Baltimore, MD
10 years of data
Orthopedic Surgery
$3.8M
Total Payments
12.2K
Beneficiaries
15.0K
Services
7.53x
Markup Ratio

Peer Comparison

99th
percentile in specialty
This provider$3.8M
Specialty median$103.3K

๐Ÿ“‹ Key Findings

1Billed $3.8M over 10 years
27.53x markup ratio (above median)
399th percentile in Orthopedic Surgery by payments
418 procedures with >3x markup
โœ“ No flags detected

๐Ÿ”Ž Data Analysis

This provider's $3.8M in total Medicare payments ranks in the 99th percentile of Orthopedic Surgery providers nationally.

Their average markup ratio of 7.53x is significantly above the specialty median of 4.7x.

Medicare payments to this provider grew 112% from 2014 to 2023.

AI-generated analysis based on Medicare payment data.

Annual Medicare Payments

Annual Services Provided

Avg Payment per Service

Markup Ratio Over Time

Submitted Charges vs. Medicare Payments

Average per-service amounts submitted by the provider compared to what Medicare actually paid โ€” the gap represents the markup.

YearAvg SubmittedAvg PaidMarkup RatioGap per ServiceTotal PaymentsServicesBeneficiaries
2014$4.9K$582.058.43x$4.3K$249.8K1.1K849
2015$4.1K$534.617.75x$3.6K$318.2K1.3K1.0K
2016$4.7K$626.687.42x$4.0K$381.1K1.5K1.2K
2017$4.3K$553.437.74x$3.7K$349.6K1.5K1.2K
2018$4.2K$521.727.97x$3.6K$361.8K1.6K1.2K
2019$4.4K$604.657.25x$3.8K$361.6K1.6K1.3K
2020$3.5K$467.967.51x$3.0K$413.7K1.4K1.3K
2021$4.0K$518.847.74x$3.5K$427.6K1.5K1.3K
2022$4.4K$596.617.46x$3.9K$452.8K1.6K1.3K
2023$4.5K$579.437.82x$4.0K$529.0K1.8K1.5K

Top Procedures (20)

22612Fusion of lower spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approachโš  5.0x markup
$562.3K
426 services$1.3K/svc5.04x markup
22842Insertion of posterior spinal instrumentation for spinal stabilization, 3 to 6 vertebral segmentsโš  8.2x markup
$409.7K
612 services$669.40/svc8.23x markup
63047Partial removal of middle spine bone with release of spinal cord and/or nervesโš  13.5x markup
$385.1K
623 services$618.15/svc13.52x markup
22614Fusion of spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approachโš  6.5x markup
$235.6K
707 services$333.17/svc6.47x markup
22633Fusion of lower spine bones with removal of disc, posterior or posterolateral approachโš  5.3x markup
$231.7K
150 services$1.5K/svc5.31x markup
22600Fusion of upper spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approachโš  8.0x markup
$208.3K
242 services$860.82/svc8.01x markup
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes
$188.6K
1.8K services$102.78/svc2.47x markup
22551Fusion of spine bones with removal of disc at upper spinal column, anterior approachโš  5.0x markup
$185.2K
125 services$1.5K/svc5.03x markup
99212Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 10 minutesโš  3.4x markup
$154.6K
4.5K services$34.23/svc3.42x markup
22840Insertion of posterior spinal instrumentation at base of neck for stabilization, 1 interspaceโš  7.9x markup
$153.2K
228 services$671.77/svc7.94x markup
63048Partial removal of spine bone with release of spinal cord and/or nervesโš  18.9x markup
$142.3K
765 services$185.95/svc18.93x markup
63045Partial removal of upper spine bone with release of spinal cord and/or nervesโš  12.6x markup
$107.1K
160 services$669.36/svc12.56x markup
22845Insertion of anterior spinal instrumentation for spinal stabilization, 2 to 3 vertebral segmentsโš  9.0x markup
$90.0K
143 services$629.18/svc9.00x markup
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes
$80.8K
1.2K services$67.43/svc2.42x markup
99202New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 20 minutesโš  3.3x markup
$78.3K
1.3K services$59.56/svc3.34x markup
99204New patient outpatient visit, total time 45-59 minutesโš  3.0x markup
$75.2K
545 services$138.01/svc3.02x markup
22214Incision of spine to correct deformity at lower spinal columnโš  8.7x markup
$66.8K
102 services$655.18/svc8.72x markup
22610Fusion of middle spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approachโš  6.8x markup
$53.0K
74 services$716.79/svc6.78x markup
22830Exploration of spinal fusionโš  19.9x markup
$52.0K
129 services$403.02/svc19.86x markup
22595Fusion of spine bones at skull base, posterior approachโš  4.8x markup
$51.8K
38 services$1.4K/svc4.78x markup
Show detailed table โ–พ
CodeDescriptionServicesPaymentsAvg/ServiceMarkup
22612Fusion of lower spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approach426$562.3K$1.3K5.04x
22842Insertion of posterior spinal instrumentation for spinal stabilization, 3 to 6 vertebral segments612$409.7K$669.408.23x
63047Partial removal of middle spine bone with release of spinal cord and/or nerves623$385.1K$618.1513.52x
22614Fusion of spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approach707$235.6K$333.176.47x
22633Fusion of lower spine bones with removal of disc, posterior or posterolateral approach150$231.7K$1.5K5.31x
22600Fusion of upper spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approach242$208.3K$860.828.01x
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes1.8K$188.6K$102.782.47x
22551Fusion of spine bones with removal of disc at upper spinal column, anterior approach125$185.2K$1.5K5.03x
99212Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 10 minutes4.5K$154.6K$34.233.42x
22840Insertion of posterior spinal instrumentation at base of neck for stabilization, 1 interspace228$153.2K$671.777.94x
63048Partial removal of spine bone with release of spinal cord and/or nerves765$142.3K$185.9518.93x
63045Partial removal of upper spine bone with release of spinal cord and/or nerves160$107.1K$669.3612.56x
22845Insertion of anterior spinal instrumentation for spinal stabilization, 2 to 3 vertebral segments143$90.0K$629.189.00x
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes1.2K$80.8K$67.432.42x
99202New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 20 minutes1.3K$78.3K$59.563.34x
99204New patient outpatient visit, total time 45-59 minutes545$75.2K$138.013.02x
22214Incision of spine to correct deformity at lower spinal column102$66.8K$655.188.72x
22610Fusion of middle spine bones, posterior or posterolateral approach74$53.0K$716.796.78x
22830Exploration of spinal fusion129$52.0K$403.0219.86x
22595Fusion of spine bones at skull base, posterior approach38$51.8K$1.4K4.78x

Markup Analysis

Charge-to-Payment Ratio

7.53x

This provider submits charges 7.53 times higher than what Medicare actually pays.

What This Means

A markup ratio of 7.53x means for every $100 Medicare pays, this provider initially charges $753. This is higher than the national average.

Location

Baltimore, MD

Provider Verification

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Data Sources

  • โ€ข Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
  • โ€ข Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2014-2023)
  • โ€ข National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

Last Updated: February 2026 (data through 2023, the latest CMS release)

Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.

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