OpenMedicare
Start Here
Explore
Fraud
Investigations
Data
Tools
About

Footer

OpenMedicare

Independent Medicare data journalism

Sister Sites

  • OpenMedicaid
  • OpenFeds
  • OpenSpending

Explore

  • Providers
  • Procedures
  • States
  • Specialties
  • Search

Fraud Analysis

  • Still Out There (AI)
  • Fraud Overview
  • Fraud Watchlist
  • Deep Dive Profiles
  • Impossible Numbers
  • Report Fraud

Investigations

  • The Algorithm Knows
  • How We Built the Model
  • Internal Medicine Crisis
  • Florida & California Fraud
  • Million Dollar Flagged
  • All Investigations

Tools

  • Provider Lookup
  • Compare
  • Cost Calculator
  • Your Medicare Dollar
  • Downloads

About

  • About OpenMedicare
  • Methodology
  • Glossary
  • Data Sources
  • API Docs
  • Updates
Data Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data
Disclaimer: This site is an independent journalism project. Data analysis and editorial content are not affiliated with or endorsed by CMS or any government agency. All spending figures are based on publicly available Medicare payment records.
Sister Sites: OpenMedicaid ยท OpenFeds ยท OpenSpending

ยฉ 2026 OpenMedicare. Independent data journalism. Built by TheDataProject.ai

Methodologyโ€ขDownload Data
  1. Home
  2. Providers
  3. Paula Ko
๐Ÿ‘๏ธ
MDIndividual

Paula Ko, MD

NPI: 1942216320
Wilmington, DE
10 years of data
Ophthalmology
$9.5M
Total Payments
26.3K
Beneficiaries
63.2K
Services
2.12x
Markup Ratio

Peer Comparison

98th
percentile in specialty
This provider$9.5M
Specialty median$383.7K

๐Ÿ“‹ Key Findings

1Billed $9.5M over 10 years
22.12x markup ratio (above median)
398th percentile in Ophthalmology by payments
46 procedures with >3x markup
โœ“ No flags detected

๐Ÿ”Ž Data Analysis

This provider's $9.5M in total Medicare payments ranks in the 98th percentile of Ophthalmology providers nationally.

This provider's billing patterns fall within normal ranges for their specialty.

AI-generated analysis based on Medicare payment data.

Annual Medicare Payments

Annual Services Provided

Avg Payment per Service

Markup Ratio Over Time

Submitted Charges vs. Medicare Payments

Average per-service amounts submitted by the provider compared to what Medicare actually paid โ€” the gap represents the markup.

YearAvg SubmittedAvg PaidMarkup RatioGap per ServiceTotal PaymentsServicesBeneficiaries
2014$397.39$190.612.08x$206.78$823.3K6.2K2.8K
2015$406.54$164.622.47x$241.92$1.1M7.1K2.9K
2016$435.91$165.792.63x$270.12$1.1M7.3K2.9K
2017$433.13$167.762.58x$265.37$1.0M7.1K2.8K
2018$378.53$153.422.47x$225.11$987.5K6.7K2.8K
2019$370.53$152.742.43x$217.79$1.0M6.8K2.7K
2020$235.10$127.411.85x$107.69$834.9K5.4K2.4K
2021$569.91$205.602.77x$364.31$964.8K5.9K2.4K
2022$572.14$279.312.05x$292.83$943.1K5.4K2.5K
2023$783.14$275.052.85x$508.09$649.7K5.2K2.1K

Top Procedures (20)

J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg
$5.5M
7.4K services$741.72/svc1.52x markup
67028Injection of drug into eyeโš  3.9x markup
$1.1M
13.5K services$82.74/svc3.85x markup
92014Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, established patient, 1 or more visits
$942.5K
10.4K services$90.34/svc1.62x markup
92134Diagnostic imaging of retinaโš  5.3x markup
$652.6K
20.6K services$31.68/svc5.35x markup
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg
$402.9K
1.4K services$298.03/svc1.58x markup
J9035Injection, bevacizumab, 10 mg
$201.7K
3.7K services$55.24/svc1.48x markup
J3590Unclassified biologics
$133.2K
73 services$1.8K/svc1.45x markup
67042Removal of membrane from the retina, pars plana approachโš  3.1x markup
$117.4K
123 services$954.84/svc3.14x markup
92012Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, established patient
$115.3K
1.8K services$65.63/svc1.52x markup
92004Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, new patient, 1 or more visits
$70.0K
645 services$108.58/svc1.70x markup
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes
$58.4K
647 services$90.28/svc1.72x markup
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes
$44.0K
659 services$66.78/svc1.52x markup
J3490Unclassified drugsโš  3.2x markup
$42.4K
24 services$1.8K/svc3.22x markup
67228Laser destruction of leaking retinal blood vessels, 1 or more sessions
$27.9K
66 services$422.55/svc2.84x markup
92235Examination of retinal blood vessels by ophthalmoscopeโš  3.1x markup
$20.7K
260 services$79.70/svc3.10x markup
67040Laser destruction of eye fluid (vitreous) between the lens and retinaโš  3.8x markup
$19.6K
25 services$784.29/svc3.83x markup
92250Photography of the retina
$14.8K
276 services$53.51/svc2.62x markup
92083Measurement of field of vision during daylight conditions
$13.2K
274 services$48.21/svc2.70x markup
99204New patient outpatient visit, total time 45-59 minutes
$12.3K
102 services$120.29/svc1.69x markup
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg
$11.4K
392 services$29.15/svc1.48x markup
Show detailed table โ–พ
CodeDescriptionServicesPaymentsAvg/ServiceMarkup
J0178Injection, aflibercept, 1 mg7.4K$5.5M$741.721.52x
67028Injection of drug into eye13.5K$1.1M$82.743.85x
92014Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, established patient, 1 or more visits10.4K$942.5K$90.341.62x
92134Diagnostic imaging of retina20.6K$652.6K$31.685.35x
J2778Injection, ranibizumab, 0.1 mg1.4K$402.9K$298.031.58x
J9035Injection, bevacizumab, 10 mg3.7K$201.7K$55.241.48x
J3590Unclassified biologics73$133.2K$1.8K1.45x
67042Removal of membrane from the retina, pars plana approach123$117.4K$954.843.14x
92012Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, established patient1.8K$115.3K$65.631.52x
92004Eye and medical examination for diagnosis and treatment, new patient, 1 or more visits645$70.0K$108.581.70x
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes647$58.4K$90.281.72x
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes659$44.0K$66.781.52x
J3490Unclassified drugs24$42.4K$1.8K3.22x
67228Laser destruction of leaking retinal blood vessels, 1 or more sessions66$27.9K$422.552.84x
92235Examination of retinal blood vessels by ophthalmoscope260$20.7K$79.703.10x
67040Laser destruction of eye fluid (vitreous) between the lens and retina25$19.6K$784.293.83x
92250Photography of the retina276$14.8K$53.512.62x
92083Measurement of field of vision during daylight conditions274$13.2K$48.212.70x
99204New patient outpatient visit, total time 45-59 minutes102$12.3K$120.291.69x
J2777Injection, faricimab-svoa, 0.1 mg392$11.4K$29.151.48x

Markup Analysis

Charge-to-Payment Ratio

2.12x

This provider submits charges 2.12 times higher than what Medicare actually pays.

What This Means

A markup ratio of 2.12x means for every $100 Medicare pays, this provider initially charges $212. This is higher than the national average.

Location

Wilmington, DE

Provider Verification

Always verify provider credentials and location before scheduling appointments. This data reflects Medicare payments and may not include all practice locations.

Related

Browse
โ† Back to Provider Directory
State
All providers in DE โ†’
Specialty
All Ophthalmology providers โ†’
Tool
Compare this provider โ†’
Analysis
Fraud Watchlist โ†’
Search
Search all providers โ†’

Share This Provider

Share this provider's Medicare payment information

Share:

Data Sources

  • โ€ข Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
  • โ€ข Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2014-2023)
  • โ€ข National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

Last Updated: February 2026 (data through 2023, the latest CMS release)

Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.

Believe this data is inaccurate? Dispute this data