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Methodology•Download Data
  1. Home
  2. Providers
  3. Leonardo Palau
⚕️
MDIndividual

Leonardo Palau, MD

NPI: 1982701496
The Woodlands, TX
10 years of data
Infectious Disease
$4.8M
Total Payments
15.4K
Beneficiaries
126.9K
Services
2.54x
Markup Ratio

Peer Comparison

99th
percentile in specialty
This provider$4.8M
Specialty median$93.3K

📋 Key Findings

1Billed $4.8M over 10 years
22.54x markup ratio (above median)
399th percentile in Infectious Disease by payments
451 services/day — unusually high
56 procedures with >3x markup

This provider averages 51 services per working day

Based on 126.9K total services over 10 years (250 working days/year). Learn about impossible service volumes →

🔎 Data Analysis

This provider's $4.8M in total Medicare payments ranks in the 99th percentile of Infectious Disease providers nationally.

Averaging 51 services per working day raises questions about billing patterns.

AI-generated analysis based on Medicare payment data.

Annual Medicare Payments

Annual Services Provided

Avg Payment per Service

Markup Ratio Over Time

Submitted Charges vs. Medicare Payments

Average per-service amounts submitted by the provider compared to what Medicare actually paid — the gap represents the markup.

YearAvg SubmittedAvg PaidMarkup RatioGap per ServiceTotal PaymentsServicesBeneficiaries
2014$92.96$43.532.14x$49.43$805.0K21.0K2.5K
2015$198.46$70.582.81x$127.88$664.5K13.8K2.0K
2016$103.84$47.082.21x$56.76$554.4K14.6K1.9K
2017$111.03$47.682.33x$63.35$529.1K15.1K2.1K
2018$100.32$45.212.22x$55.11$458.3K13.2K1.5K
2019$87.74$38.912.25x$48.83$388.3K12.2K1.3K
2020$148.06$46.113.21x$101.95$381.5K11.2K1.2K
2021$135.89$48.172.82x$87.72$401.6K10.7K1.1K
2022$143.25$51.182.80x$92.07$284.9K7.3K878
2023$150.93$49.393.06x$101.54$283.5K7.8K850

Top Procedures (20)

96365Infusion into a vein for therapy, prevention, or diagnosis up to 1 hour
$1.8M
35.9K services$51.28/svc2.54x markup
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes
$783.7K
9.3K services$83.84/svc2.30x markup
99232Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 25 minutes per day
$360.5K
6.6K services$54.23/svc1.92x markup
J1335Injection, ertapenem sodium, 500 mg⚠ 3.9x markup
$248.5K
7.9K services$31.54/svc3.89x markup
99291Critical care delivery critically ill or injured patient, first 30-74 minutes
$235.4K
1.4K services$167.69/svc1.80x markup
99215Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 40 minutes
$175.2K
1.5K services$116.47/svc2.43x markup
99223Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 70 minutes per day
$174.0K
1.2K services$151.20/svc1.84x markup
J3490Unclassified drugs⚠ 4.4x markup
$108.8K
162 services$671.58/svc4.37x markup
97597Removal of tissue from wounds per session
$104.3K
1.8K services$59.34/svc2.05x markup
96366Infusion into a vein for therapy, prevention, or diagnosis
$101.2K
7.0K services$14.50/svc2.76x markup
96368Infusion into a vein for therapy, prevention, or diagnosis, concurrent with another infusion
$89.4K
5.8K services$15.46/svc2.47x markup
99205New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 60 minutes
$88.1K
578 services$152.34/svc2.75x markup
29581Application of vein wound compression system lower leg below knee including ankle and foot⚠ 3.7x markup
$79.4K
1.6K services$49.76/svc3.70x markup
96367Infusion into a vein for therapy prevention or diagnosis additional sequential infusion up to 1 hour
$57.2K
2.5K services$22.69/svc2.80x markup
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes
$43.7K
864 services$50.55/svc1.96x markup
99496Transitional care management services, highly complexity, requiring face-to-face visits within 7 days of discharge
$41.0K
241 services$170.13/svc2.68x markup
96375Injection of different drug or substance into a vein for therapy, diagnosis, or prevention⚠ 3.2x markup
$29.5K
2.1K services$13.98/svc3.19x markup
99233Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 35 minutes per day⚠ 3.2x markup
$24.4K
312 services$78.34/svc3.23x markup
99211Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 5 minutes⚠ 4.3x markup
$22.3K
1.5K services$15.15/svc4.27x markup
90670Pneumococcal vaccine for injection into muscle
$20.0K
114 services$175.84/svc1.77x markup
Show detailed table ▾
CodeDescriptionServicesPaymentsAvg/ServiceMarkup
96365Infusion into a vein for therapy, prevention, or diagnosis up to 1 hour35.9K$1.8M$51.282.54x
99214Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 25 minutes9.3K$783.7K$83.842.30x
99232Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 25 minutes per day6.6K$360.5K$54.231.92x
J1335Injection, ertapenem sodium, 500 mg7.9K$248.5K$31.543.89x
99291Critical care delivery critically ill or injured patient, first 30-74 minutes1.4K$235.4K$167.691.80x
99215Established patient office or other outpatient, visit typically 40 minutes1.5K$175.2K$116.472.43x
99223Initial hospital inpatient care, typically 70 minutes per day1.2K$174.0K$151.201.84x
J3490Unclassified drugs162$108.8K$671.584.37x
97597Removal of tissue from wounds per session1.8K$104.3K$59.342.05x
96366Infusion into a vein for therapy, prevention, or diagnosis7.0K$101.2K$14.502.76x
96368Infusion into a vein for therapy, prevention, or diagnosis, concurrent with another infusion5.8K$89.4K$15.462.47x
99205New patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 60 minutes578$88.1K$152.342.75x
29581Application of vein wound compression system lower leg below knee including ankle and foot1.6K$79.4K$49.763.70x
96367Infusion into a vein for therapy prevention or diagnosis additional sequential infusion up to 1 hour2.5K$57.2K$22.692.80x
99213Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 15 minutes864$43.7K$50.551.96x
99496Transitional care management services, highly complexity, requiring face-to-face visits within 7 days of discharge241$41.0K$170.132.68x
96375Injection of different drug or substance into a vein for therapy, diagnosis, or prevention2.1K$29.5K$13.983.19x
99233Subsequent hospital inpatient care, typically 35 minutes per day312$24.4K$78.343.23x
99211Established patient office or other outpatient visit, typically 5 minutes1.5K$22.3K$15.154.27x
90670Pneumococcal vaccine for injection into muscle114$20.0K$175.841.77x

Markup Analysis

Charge-to-Payment Ratio

2.54x

This provider submits charges 2.54 times higher than what Medicare actually pays.

What This Means

A markup ratio of 2.54x means for every $100 Medicare pays, this provider initially charges $254. This is higher than the national average.

Location

The Woodlands, TX

Provider Verification

Always verify provider credentials and location before scheduling appointments. This data reflects Medicare payments and may not include all practice locations.

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Data Sources

  • • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
  • • Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data (2014-2023)
  • • National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)

Last Updated: February 2026 (data through 2023, the latest CMS release)

Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.

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