Cost analysis for CPT 77002 — Fluoroscopic guidance for needle placement
Average Medicare Payment
$54.50
2023 data
Total Payments (2023)
$35.0M
Services (2023)
480.3K
Price Change (2014–2023)
+26.4%
| Year | Avg Payment | Total Payments | Services | YoY Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | $43.13 | $19.3M | 320.4K | — |
| 2015 | $40.90 | $20.7M | 371.3K | -5.2% |
| 2016 | $41.05 | $24.3M | 430.3K | +0.4% |
| 2017 | $41.50 | $23.4M | 412.8K | +1.1% |
| 2018 | $43.01 | $23.5M | 409.7K | +3.6% |
| 2019 | $46.29 | $28.8M | 462.3K | +7.6% |
| 2020 | $51.53 | $27.5M | 400.0K | +11.3% |
| 2021 | $55.06 | $35.7M | 476.5K | +6.9% |
| 2022 | $54.93 | $36.7M | 491.4K | -0.2% |
| 2023 | $54.50 | $35.0M | 480.3K | -0.8% |
The most expensive state pays 3.9x more than the cheapest for this procedure. NY averages $96.45 vs WV at $24.61.
| State | Avg Payment | Total Payments | Services | Providers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NY | $96.45 | $3.3M | 34.6K | 307 |
| NJ | $95.71 | $1.4M | 14.7K | 137 |
| PR | $87.10 | $248.1K | 2.8K | 2 |
| IL | $85.03 | $4.2M | 49.4K | 326 |
| AK | $83.16 | $74.0K | 890 | 23 |
| FL | $81.04 | $4.0M | 49.7K | 576 |
| DE | $80.28 | $78.8K | 981 | 20 |
| CT | $79.84 | $176.0K | 2.2K | 63 |
| AZ | $76.29 | $1.4M | 18.8K | 231 |
| NV | $75.53 | $150.1K | 2.0K | 51 |
| CO | $75.38 | $271.8K | 3.6K | 85 |
| CA | $74.88 | $1.6M | 21.5K | 438 |
| UT | $74.41 | $368.2K | 4.9K | 87 |
| VA | $74.37 | $1.5M | 20.0K | 222 |
| KY | $73.27 | $1.2M | 16.4K | 119 |
| TX | $73.19 | $3.1M | 42.1K | 562 |
| MD | $72.71 | $459.9K | 6.3K | 126 |
| NC | $72.62 | $1.5M | 20.6K | 297 |
| SC | $72.40 | $1.0M | 14.1K | 151 |
| GA | $71.98 | $1.4M | 19.1K | 235 |
| WA | $66.68 | $420.8K | 6.3K | 169 |
| PA | $66.48 | $808.7K | 12.2K | 262 |
| AL | $66.13 | $199.3K | 3.0K | 75 |
| NM | $65.84 | $79.5K | 1.2K | 31 |
| OR | $65.58 | $195.5K | 3.0K | 87 |
| MI | $63.04 | $528.9K | 8.4K | 196 |
| NE | $62.48 | $326.0K | 5.2K | 66 |
| OH | $61.76 | $864.3K | 14.0K | 227 |
| ME | $59.54 | $92.9K | 1.6K | 31 |
| TN | $58.97 | $315.7K | 5.4K | 115 |
| IA | $56.81 | $246.5K | 4.3K | 85 |
| MN | $55.84 | $374.2K | 6.7K | 175 |
| NH | $55.43 | $203.4K | 3.7K | 71 |
| LA | $53.46 | $154.5K | 2.9K | 68 |
| MA | $50.46 | $595.6K | 11.8K | 208 |
| MO | $50.44 | $513.6K | 10.2K | 186 |
| WI | $49.79 | $350.1K | 7.0K | 184 |
| AR | $49.31 | $139.7K | 2.8K | 74 |
| OK | $48.77 | $229.0K | 4.7K | 100 |
| RI | $48.75 | $27.1K | 556 | 12 |
| IN | $48.15 | $322.5K | 6.7K | 177 |
| KS | $41.95 | $166.2K | 4.0K | 97 |
| MS | $41.80 | $110.9K | 2.7K | 53 |
| DC | $38.70 | $9.1K | 236 | 10 |
| ID | $36.46 | $58.9K | 1.6K | 52 |
| ND | $35.08 | $31.3K | 891 | 24 |
| SD | $33.04 | $42.0K | 1.3K | 34 |
| VT | $32.78 | $22.3K | 680 | 17 |
| MT | $32.72 | $28.4K | 867 | 24 |
| WY | $26.57 | $10.2K | 385 | 13 |
| WV | $24.61 | $30.4K | 1.2K | 25 |
| Provider | Specialty | State | Payments | Services | Avg/Service |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rahul Khapekar | Family Practice | IL | $1.3M | 14.1K | $94.98 |
| Ermin Arriola | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | IL | $603.0K | 6.3K | $95.16 |
| Hubert Franke | General Practice | NJ | $596.4K | 5.8K | $103.04 |
| Robert Streisand | Vascular Surgery | NY | $574.9K | 5.2K | $110.58 |
| Pamela Harston | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | KY | $444.9K | 5.4K | $82.37 |
| Nicholas Manolitsis | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | IL | $444.2K | 4.7K | $95.27 |
| Faisal Ali | Internal Medicine | NY | $353.1K | 3.2K | $110.51 |
| Robert Prichep | General Surgery | NY | $332.9K | 3.1K | $105.77 |
| Duan Copeland | General Practice | AZ | $314.0K | 3.6K | $87.50 |
| Jason Fogg | Pain Management | KY | $276.4K | 3.3K | $83.66 |
| Valerie Starnes | Nurse Practitioner | FL | $269.5K | 3.4K | $78.79 |
| Joezer Lugo Ranal | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | PR | $246.8K | 2.8K | $87.10 |
| Patricia Bornhorst | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | OH | $234.4K | 2.8K | $84.78 |
| Lisa Persyn | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | TX | $212.8K | 2.5K | $85.38 |
| Peter Minneci | Family Practice | VA | $203.2K | 2.3K | $89.12 |
| John Flores | Family Practice | TX | $189.6K | 2.0K | $92.58 |
| Scot Paris | General Surgery | PA | $184.3K | 1.8K | $102.20 |
| Samuel Uzabel | Hospice and Palliative Care | FL | $181.4K | 2.1K | $88.12 |
| Daniel Mcmanus | Emergency Medicine | SC | $171.5K | 2.0K | $83.83 |
| Katrina Nguyen | Emergency Medicine | FL | $156.1K | 1.6K | $96.56 |
The data suggests significant pricing inconsistencies for CPT 77002. With a 3.9x price gap between the most and least expensive states, geography plays an outsized role in what Medicare pays for this procedure.
Costs have risen 26.4% since 2014, outpacing inflation and raising questions about whether reimbursement rates reflect actual costs.
This analysis is based on publicly available CMS data and does not account for patient complexity, comorbidities, or facility-specific factors that may justify pricing differences.
Note: All data is from publicly available Medicare records. OpenMedicare is an independent journalism project not affiliated with CMS.